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齒輪泵的概念是很簡單的，即它的最基本形式就是兩個尺寸相同的齒輪在一個緊密配合的殼體內相互嚙合旋轉，這個殼體的內部類似“8”字形，兩個齒輪裝在里面，齒輪的外徑及兩側與殼體緊密配合。來自于擠出機的物料在吸入口進入兩個齒輪中間，并充滿這一空間，隨著齒的旋轉沿殼體運動，最后在兩齒嚙合時排出。
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在術語上講，齒輪泵也叫正排量裝置，即像一個缸筒內的活塞，當一個齒進入另一個齒的流體空間時，液體就被機械性地擠排出來。因為液體是不可壓縮的，所以液體和齒就不能在同一時間占據同一空間，這樣，液體就被排除了。由于齒的不斷嚙合，這一現象就連續在發生，因而也就在泵的出口提供了一個連續排除量，泵每轉一轉，排出的量是一樣的。隨著驅動軸的不間斷地旋轉，泵也就不間斷地排出流體。泵的流量直接與泵的轉速有關。 6 ~" l% \( Q$ e7 O$ U9 y* ]
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實際上，在泵內有很少量的流體損失，這使泵的運行效率不能達到100％，因為這些流體被用來潤滑軸承及齒輪兩側，而泵體也絕不可能無間隙配合，故不能使流體100％地從出口排出，所以少量的流體損失是必然的。然而泵還是可以良好地運行，對大多數擠出物料來說，仍可以達到93％～98％的效率。 7 Z6 b& h2 e$ G q0 x* X
1 i. x6 r; L/ l% u$ C對于粘度或密度在工藝中有變化的流體，這種泵不會受到太多影響。如果有一個阻尼器，比如在排出口側放一個濾網或一個限制器，泵則會推動流體通過它們。如果這個阻尼器在工作中變化，亦即如果濾網變臟、堵塞了，或限制器的背壓升高了，則泵仍將保持恒定的流量，直至達到裝置中最弱的部件的機械極限(通常裝有一個扭矩限制器)。 ; W; d5 s7 Z/ f- F
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對于一臺泵的轉速，實際上是有限制的，這主要取決于工藝流體，如果傳送的是油類，泵則能以很高的速度轉動，但當流體是一種高粘度的聚合物熔體時，這種限制就會大幅度降低。
8 c3 P: K9 a2 }4 S- D7 f推動高粘流體進入吸入口一側的兩齒空間是非常重要的，如果這一空間沒有填充滿，則泵就不能排出準確的流量，所以PV值(壓力×流速)也是另外一個限制因素，而且是一個工藝變量。由于這些限制，齒輪泵制造商將提供一系列產品，即不同的規格及排量(每轉一周所排出的量)。這些泵將與具體的應用工藝相配合，以使系統能力及價格達到最優。 & n2 t* r0 z& {+ Z2 x5 @
" V; C3 K/ @5 P( N7 p5 LPEP－II泵的齒輪與軸共為一體，采用通體淬硬工藝，可獲得更長的工作壽命。“D”型軸承結合了強制潤滑機理，使聚合物經軸承表面，并返回到泵的進口側，以確保旋轉軸的有效潤滑。這一特性減少了聚合物滯留并降解的可能性。精密加工的泵體可使“D”型軸承與齒輪軸精確配合，確保齒輪軸不偏心，以防齒輪磨損。Parkool密封結構與聚四氟唇型密封共同構成水冷密封。這種密封實際上并不接觸軸的表面，它的密封原理是將聚合物冷卻到半熔融狀態而形成自密封。也可以采用Rheoseal密封，它在軸封內表上加工有反向螺旋槽，可使聚合物被反壓回到進口。為便于安裝，制造商設計了一個環形螺栓安裝面，以使與其它設備的法蘭安裝相配合，這使得筒形法蘭的制造更容易。
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PEP－II齒輪泵帶有與泵的規格相匹配的加熱元件，可供用戶選配，這可保證快速加溫和熱量控制。與泵體內加熱方式不同，這些元件的損壞只限于一個板子上，與整個泵無關。 # l& \/ X3 ^; X( ]$ f0 k
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齒輪泵由一個獨立的電機驅動，可有效地阻斷上游的壓力脈動及流量波動。在齒輪泵出口處的壓力脈動可以控制在1％以內。在擠出生產線上采用一臺齒輪泵，可以提高流量輸出速度，減少物料在擠出機內的剪切及駐留時間，降低擠塑溫度及壓力脈動以提高生產率及產品質量。1 P& e0 r0 e1 u
The concept of gear pump is very simple, that it is two of the most basic form of the same size gear in a close co-operation of mutual engagement with the rotating shell, the shell's internal similar "8" shape, the two gears mounted inside , the diameter of gear and work closely with both sides and shell. From the extruder the material inhaled into the mouth of two intermediate gears, and full of the space, with the teeth along the shell of the rotary movement, the final two hours from the meshing teeth. 3 |9 O" P+ E+ z0 Z) w
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Speaking in terms of gear, also known as positive displacement pump device, that is, inside the cylinder like a piston, when a tooth to another tooth space of the fluid, the liquid was squeezed mechanically to row out. Because the liquid is incompressible, so the liquid and the tooth at the same time will not be able to occupy the same space, so that the liquid has been ruled out. Because of the constant mesh gear, this phenomenon occurs on a row and, therefore, the pump provides a continuous export to exclude the amount of a turn each pump, the volume of discharge is the same. With the continuous rotation of the driveshaft, pump fluid is continuously discharged. Pump flow directly to the speed of the pump.
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In fact, there is little pump of the fluid loss, which makes the operation of pumps can not achieve 100% efficiency, as these fluids are used to on both sides of bearing and gear lubrication, and the pump body is also not possible with no gap, it can not be so that 100% of fluid discharged from the export, so a small amount of fluid loss is inevitable. However, a good pump can be run out of material for the majority, will still be able to achieve 93% ~ 98% efficiency. 8 y a7 }! u* ]3 V" I L# j
; t5 P. ?. Q+ h A" iFor the viscosity or density change in the process fluid, the pump will not be affected too much. If there is a damper, for example, in the export side, one row or a limiter filter, pumps will push fluid through them. If the damper changes in their work, that is, if the filters become dirty, blocked, or limiter on the back of the hypertension, the pump will maintain a constant flow, until the device in the weakest parts of the mechanical limit (usually equipped with a torque limiter).
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5 r+ W5 x( x0 a/ I1 a) p) B. {For a pump speed, in fact, there are restrictions, which mainly depends on the process fluid, if the transmission is oil, pump can rotate at high speed, but when the fluid is a high viscosity of the polymer melt, such restrictions will be significantly reduced.
3 }- X9 @ f+ F7 q* m8 PPromote blood flow into the intake side of the two tooth space is very important, if not fill in this space is full, the pump will not be able to discharge the flow of accurate, so the value of PV (pressure × velocity) is also a limiting factor, and is a process variable. As a result of these restrictions, gear pump manufacturers will provide a range of products, that is, different specifications and emission (per week to the emission of volume). These pumps will fit the specific application of technology to enable the system to achieve optimal capacity and price. + G+ L U! p7 E' Q
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PEP-II pump shaft gear and a total of one species hardened using technology, will be a longer working life. "D"-type bearing a combination of forced lubrication mechanism, so that the polymer surface by the bearing, and return to the import side of pump to ensure effective lubrication of the rotation axis. This feature reduces the degradation of polymers and the possibility of being stranded. Precision machining of the pump body can "D"-type gear shaft with precision bearings to ensure non-eccentric gear shaft to prevent gear wear. Structure and Parkool PTFE sealing lip sealed water-cooled sealed together. This shaft seal does not actually contact the surface, it is the principle of the sealing polymer to a semi-molten state cooling and the formation of self-sealing. Can also be used Rheoseal sealing, seal it inside the table are reverse spiral groove processing, the polymer can be imported back to the anti-pressure. In order to facilitate the installation, the manufacturer has designed the installation of a ring bolt, so that the flange and install other equipment line, which makes the manufacture of tube flange easier. - d8 t$ {1 F/ B) ^5 h$ R z) _
* ~6 Q3 S1 n6 G5 @" U: LPEP-II with a gear pump with the pump to match the specifications of the heating elements for the user matching, which ensures rapid heating and heat control. Heating the body and pump in different ways, the damage to these components is limited to a board, the pump has nothing to do with the whole.
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9 q( G1 g7 H( i% x- R: u% \# d8 BGear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality |
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樓主: 生活生存
發表于 2011-4-7 13:20:41
